Which individual could be termed a "third-party" in insurance claims?

In the context of insurance claims, a "third-party" refers to someone who is not directly involved in the insurance contract between the policyholder and the insurer. The third party typically has no contractual relationship but may be affected by the actions of the insured.

When we consider the scenario presented, the individual who is a victim of an accident caused by an insured person fits this definition perfectly. They are not the policyholder (first party) nor the insurance company (second party); rather, they are third parties who may seek compensation for damages or injuries resulting from the policyholder's actions. This can often lead them to file a claim against the policyholder's liability insurance.

The other options do not fit the definition of a third party. An individual claiming against their own policy is the first party in the insurance contract. A family member of the injured policyholder, while impacted by the circumstances, is still part of the insured’s immediate circle and thus does not qualify as a third-party claimant. The insurance adjuster, while involved in the process, is an employee of the insurance company and is not a party to the claim in the same sense.